Birch Reduction of alkenes/ alkynes | IIT JEE, NEET, JAM, TIFR, UGC NET

Application of the Birch reduction ( collection from journal papers)👉👇👇     
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Birch reduction for Alkene and alkyne, aromatic rings with electron withdrawing group as well as electron donating group

Birch reduction for alpha, beta unsaturated ketone for CSIR NET GATE BARC IIT-JAM CheMistry 

The Birch reduction reaction was reported in 1944 by the Australian chemist Arthur Birch working in the Dyson Perrins Laboratory at the University of Oxford, building on earlier work by Wooster and Godfrey published in 1937.

This reaction converts Aromatic compounds having a benzenoid ringinto a product, 1,4-cyclohexadienes, in which two hydrogen atoms have been attached on the opposite ends of the molecule. It is the Organic reduction of aromatic rings in presence of liquid ammonia with sodium, lithium or potassium and an alcohol, such as ethanol and tert-butanol.
 
EWG:- the electron withdrawing groups promote the ipso and para reduction. These groups activate the rings towards Birch Reduction. ( EWG= -COOH, -CONH2, aryl group, etc. )

EDW:- the electron donating groups promote Ortho and meta reduction. They deactivate the rings for overall reduction compare to the EWG. ( EDG= -R, -OR, -NR₂, -SR, PR₂, -CH₂OH, -CHO, -C(O)R, CO₂R etc. ) 

Birch Reduction of an α,β- unsaturated ketone in NH3 stops at the saturated ketone stage. In the presence of an added proton(H+) source. And the saturated alcohol is obtained. The formation of dimerization products of the intermediate radical anion can be prevented by more acidic proton (H+) sources.